The King of Funk

Cirsium funkiae, September 5, 2022

Same

Same

Common & scientific name
Funk’s thistle, Cirsium funkiae

Family
Sunflower, Asteraceae

Location:
Crystal Lake drainage, 11,500’

Fun, weird, helpful, or little known fact
Standing up to three feet tall on usually barren or rocky alpine slopes, sporting an enormous, woolly mop of yellow flowers, the funky thistle is impossible to miss. How has it just been “discovered?”

For over a century, botanists lumped the funky thistle (more on that name shortly!) with the common mountain thistle, Cirsium scopulorum. It, too, has a woolly head and dwarfs neighboring alpine plants. But anyone who has seen the funky thistle immediately senses distinctions: its flowers are yellow (as opposed to purple), it’s usually by itself, and it’s so top-heavy it looks ready to fall over.

Fortunately, there are scientists in our midst who are never satisfied with the status quo. Jennifer Ackerfield, author of the comprehensive Flora of Colorado, decided the physical characteristics of this plant were simply too dissimilar to leave unexamined. Genetic studies proved out its separate species status, confirming what many of us amateur botanists wondered, but did nothing, about.

Of the many satisfactions that come with identifying a new species of plant comes the right to name it. Ms. Ackerfield chose to honor her mentor, a curator at the Smithsonian, Vicki Funk, who apparently wore the name well.

Another awesome thistle

Cirsium scariosum, post-bloom, August 31, 2022

Common & scientific name
Elk thistle, Cirsium scariosum

Family
Sunflower, Asteraceae

Location:
Henschel Lake, 12,600’

Fun, weird, helpful, or little known fact
This wonderfully-whacky thistle is uncommon on the Pass, but is always a treat to find. It’s flowers are always stemless, whether the plant stands several feet tall or just 6” off the ground. Its leaves are light green. When it is in the form shown here, a flat, stemless rosette with whitish-purple flowers clustered in the center, it looks like a giant sunflower. Beautiful, no?

The red huckleberry

Vaccinium scoparium, in fruit, August 24, 2022

Common & scientific name
Broom huckleberry, Vaccinium scoparium

Family
Heath, Ericaceae

Location
Geissler, 11,000’

Fun/weird/little known fact
This common alpine ground cover has smaller leaves than V. myrtillus and red berries. It does not appear to be having the year that its aforementioned cousin is having berry-wise.

Not exactly bay-side

Bahia dissecta, August 17, 2022

Common & scientific name
Ragleaf bahia, Bahia/Amauriopsis dissecta

Family
Sunflower, Asteraceae

Location
Twin Lakes, 9,200’

Fun, weird, helpful, or little known fact
Found roadside all around Twin Lakes, nowhere on the west side of the Pass. The only plant of its genus in Colorado. Nifty, glandular basal leaves and desert-feeling flower heads. What this has to do with “bay” (Spanish translation of “bahia”) I have no idea.

Same, leaves

Damaged goods welcome

Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus, August 17, 2022

Common & scientific name
Viscid rabbitbrush, Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus

Family
Sunflower, Asteraceae

Location
Twin Lakes, 9,200’

Fun, weird, helpful, or little known fact
This five-foot-high behemoth of a shrub looks and acts like an invasive, but is in fact native to and found throughout North America. It rapidly establishes in disturbed habitat (hence its weed-like feel), but is useful for revegetating lands damaged by human activities and natural disasters.

Entirely sticky

Dieteria bigelovii, August 17, 2022

Common & scientific name
Bigelow’s tansy-aster, Dieteria bigelovii

Family
Sunflower, Asteraceae

Location
Twin Lakes, 9,200’

Fun, weird, helpful, or little known fact
Recently moved from the Macharaenthera genus to the Dieteria genus, this rather scraggly-looking tansy-aster has very glandular, very recurved phyllaries (to which dirt, etc. stick), purple/lavender petals, and toothed, slender, entire leaves (the last being why its genus was changed). See here and there, usually roadside, usually lower down on the Pass.

The giant of the louseworts

Pedicularis procera, August 17, 2022

Common & scientific name
Giant lousewort, Pedicularis procera

Family
Broomrape, Orobanchaceae

Location
Twin Lakes area, 9,500’

Fun, weird, helpful, or little known fact
Growing over four feet tall, usually in aspen groves in our area, with fern-like leaves and gorgeous yellow and red-streaked flowers (this photo showing the giant past peak bloom and going to seed).

And yet another . . .

Lappula squarrosa, in fruit and flower, August 17, 2022

Common & scientific name
European stickseed, Lappula squarrosa
Family
Borage, Boraginaceae
Location
Twin Lakes, 9,200’
Fun, weird, helpful, or little known fact
Yet another invasive from Twin Lakes, near the parking lot across from the general store, lodges and shops, and thus a prime area for all manner of invasive species coming in on tires, treads, and pets, among others. Luckily, and again, not seen commonly (or almost anywhere else) on the Pass.

And another . . .

Astragalus cicer, August 17, 2022

Common & scientific name
Chickpea milkvetch, Astragalus cicer

Family
Pea, Fabaceae

Location
Twin Lakes area, 9,300’

Fun, weird, helpful, or little known fact
Another invasive, used in soil stabilization and reclamation projects thanks to its extensive rhizomes. Found in a few locations on the lower part of both sides of the Pass. ”Cicer” is Latin for “chickpea.”

Same

An invasive, dang it

Silene latifolia, August 17, 2022

Common & scientific name
White campion, Silene latifolia

Family
Pink, Caryophyllaceae

Location
Twin Lakes, 9,200’

Fun, weird, helpful, or little known fact
Exclusively male or female flowers grow on tall stems, with an inflated calyx either 10-veined in staminate (male) flowers and 20-veined in pistillate (female) flowers, both with five white, deeply-notched petals. This charming plant is non-native, alas, and in some places considered an invasive/noxious weed. It is very uncommon on the Pass.

Maybe the most noxious of all

Cirsium arvense, August 17, 2022

Common & scientific name
Canada thistle, Cirsium arvense

Family
Sunflower, Asteraceae

Location
Twin Lakes, 9,200’

Fun, weird, helpful, or little known fact
Talk about a scourge!  Canada thistle is an A-1 noxious weed that will grow anywhere, including sadly on Indy Pass, so long as it’s wet.  Canada thistle was accidentally introduced to North America in the 1600s, and has since been designated a noxious weed in almost every state in the country.  It can form dense stands that shade out and displace our beautiful native plants, changing the plant community structure and species composition and reducing biodiversity.  It spreads rapidly and is extremely difficult to remove.

I wish I could tell you to pull it when you see it, but pulling makes it come back twice as hardy.  Gah!!!

2022 abundance!

Vaccinium myrtillus, in fruit, August 17, 2022

Common & scientific name
Bilberry or Wild blueberry, Vaccinium myrtillus

Family
Heath, Ericaceae

Location
Forest near Midway, 11,200’

Fun/weird/little known fact
This wild blueberry is the most common of our three Vaccinium species below treeline.  Although it often produces less flowers (sweet little whitish-pink bells not shown here), and therefore less huckleberries, as they’re often called, this year has been a banner year for these delicious berries!

V. myrtillus, 11,000’, August 24, 2022

Mind the sheep

Oxytropis sericea, August 17, 2022

Common & scientific name
White locoweed, Oxytropis sericea

Family
Pea, Fabaceae

Location
Twin Lakes, 9,200’

Fun, weird, helpful, or little known fact
Locoweed gets its name from the numerous problems it has caused in domestic livestock.  Locoweeds contain an alkaloid that disrupts cellular function in these animals.  According to Montana Plant Life, “locoism causes depression, incoordination, and nervousness under stress. Death can result. The cellular problems occur most readily in tissues of the nervous system. Pregnant animals often abort or give birth to young with congenital deformities. Congestive right heart disease occurs at high altitudes.”

The low-lying geranium

Geranium caespitosum, August 17, 2022

Common & scientific name
Purple geranium, Geranium caespitosum

Family
Geranium, Geraniaceae

Location
Twin Lakes area, 9,300’

Fun, weird, helpful, or little known fact
This species of geranium I have only seen on the east side of the Pass, and per Ackerfield is not found in Pitkin County. It sprawls closer to the ground than our other two, more common species (G. richardsonii and G. viscossissimum), and the lobes of its leaves are more rounded.  Please let me know if you’ve seen this on the west side!

Another east sider

Hymenoxis richardsonii, August 17, 2022

Same

Common & scientific name
Richardson’s bitterweed, Hymenoxis richardsonii

Family
Sunflower, Asteraceae

Location
Twin Lakes area, 9,200’

Fun, weird, helpful, or little known fact
This plant, found only on the lower east side of the Pass near Twin Lakes, can be identified by us west-siders by a close examination of its “petals” (ray florets). They have three teeth, or lobes, just like Old Man of the Mountain. Luckily, the Hymenoxis genus has only six species!

Same

Twin Lakes varietal

Lepidium montanum, August 17, 2022

Common & scientific name
Mountain pepperweed, Lepidium montanum

Family
Mustard, Brassicaceae

Location
Twin Lakes area, 9,300’

Fun, weird, helpful, or little known fact
This white-flowered (and thus four-petaled) mustard has a small, oval silique with a portion of the style sticking out: and that is about where the commonalities among varieties of this species, none settled amongst botanists, end. This variety of mountain pepperweed is found solely on the east side of the Pass.

Twin Lakes beauty

Gentiana affinis, August 17, 2022

Same

Common & scientific name
Rocky Mountain gentian, Gentiana affinis

Family
Gentian, Gentianaceae

Location
Twin Lakes, 9,200’

Fun, weird, helpful, or little known fact
Each of these purple flowers, which are often just slightly open, has 5 lobes, somewhat pointed, with tiny pointed projections between the lobes. Its stems are reddish, with opposite leaves that are narrower up top, becoming wider near the bottom. It is a beauty, and best seen in the wet meadows of Twin Lakes.

Needn't make you bitter

Erigeron acris, July 20, 2022

Common & scientific name
Bitter fleabane, Erigeron acris

Family
Sunflower, Asteraceae

Location
Weller Lake, 9,600’

Fun, weird, helpful, or little known fact
This very occasional plant on the Pass grows from a taproot and woody rhizome. Its ray florets (petals) are quite short and thin, almost giving the plant the appearance of having only disk flowers. It seems to grow near rocks, and is apparently a biennial or short-lived perennial species.

Same

Lupine finally!

Lupinus argenteus var. argenteus, August 16, 2022

L. argenteus var. argenteus, Twin Lakes area, 9,300’, August 17, 2022

Common & scientific name
Silvery lupine, Lupinus argenteus var. argenteus

Family
Pea, Fabaceae

Location
Near Independence ghost town, 10,900’

Fun, weird, helpful, or little known fact
This is the first lupine I’ve seen this year on the Pass. This variety of silvery lupine has a narrow, densely-packed spike of small purple flowers, and skinny leaves that curl in on each other that are smooth on top with short, straight, appressed hairs on the back.

All about four

Galium boreale, August 15, 2022

Common & scientific name
Northern bedstraw, Galium boreale

Family
Madder, Rubiaceae

Location
Roadside, 10,400’

Fun, weird, helpful, or little known fact
Northern bedstraw’s four-petaled leaves, square stems, and groups of four leaves attached directly to the stem, evenly spaced like a spoke of wheels (“whorled”), make it unmistakeable. It is sweet-smelling and edible.