Two hairy beasts

Draba aurea, July 17, 2020

Draba aurea, July 17, 2020

D. helleriana, in flower & fruit, July 17, 2020

D. helleriana, in flower & fruit, July 17, 2020

Common & scientific name
Golden draba, Draba aurea & Heller’s draba, Draba helleriana

Family
Mustard, Brassicaceae

Location
Twining Peak, 13,000’ & summit area, 12,300

Fun, weird, helpful, or little known fact
Ah, the wonderful yellow alpine drabas!  Time to get the microscope out to study the hairs on its leaves, the only way to tell the various species apart.  Both these Draba’s hairs are dense, overlapping each other in a tangled mess of cruciform (4-forked) hairs on top of short stalks, giving the plant an overall grayish-green look.  I am separating out the two species based on the teeth on D. helleriana’s leaves, and its slightly larger overall stature. Both are common on the Pass.

Lily of the aspens

Calochortus gunnisonii, July 8, 2020

Calochortus gunnisonii, July 8, 2020

Common & scientific name
Sego lily, Calochortus gunnisonii

Family
Lily, Lilaceae

Location
Roadside, 8,900’

Fun, weird, helpful, or little known fact
Named after the mid-19th century surveyor and explorer, Captain JW Gunnison, whose expedition discovered this lovely lily for science (and for whom the town to the south is named), it’s hard to think of another wildflower that brings such delight, with its delicate, intricately designed inner cup.  Look for it in aspen groves and open meadows on the Pass.

How a flat top became rosier

Antennari corymbosa, July 7, 2020

Antennari corymbosa, July 7, 2020

Common & scientific name
Flat-top pussytoes, Antennari corymbosa

Family
Sunflower, Asteraceae

Location
Roadside, 10,000’

Fun, weird, helpful, or little known fact
In order to tell this pussytoe apart from its half-dozen cousins, look for white disk flowers with pink on the lower portion and a dark spot near the base of the phyllaries.  According to Flora of North America, “Antennaria corymbosa is a sexual progenitor of the A. rosea complex.”  I.e., it’s Rosy pussytoes’ mom!  

Triangles in nature

Senecio triangularis, July 7, 2020

Senecio triangularis, July 7, 2020

Common & scientific name
Arrowleaf ragwort, Senecio triangularis

Family
Sunflower, Asteraceae

Location
Roadside, 10,000’

Fun, weird, helpful, or little known fact
A tall (up to 4’), leafy senecio with unbranched stems that have numerous, triangle-shaped, toothed leaves, topped by yellow flower clusters of 10 to 30 heads.  It grows near bluebells, monkshood, and other tall, water-loving, subalpine species. Look for the triangle!

Orchid--need I say more?

Platanthera huronensis, July 7, 2020

Platanthera huronensis, July 7, 2020

Common & scientific name
Green bog orchid, Platanthera huronensis

Family
Orchid, Orchidaceae

Location
Roadside, 10,000

Fun, weird, helpful, or little known fact
Up to 3’ high with rigid stems and densely packed, green to whitish-green flowers, this sweet-smelling flower graces roadside ditches and backcountry streams and meadows equally.  Keep an eye out on your drive up the Pass!

A magenta buttercup?

Anemone multifida, July 7, 2020

Anemone multifida, July 7, 2020

Common & scientific name
Cut-leaved anemone Anemone multifida

Family
Buttercup, Ranunculaceae

Location
Independence Ghost Town, 10,800’

Fun, weird, helpful, or little known fact
This delightful early summer flower varies from white to yellow to magenta, as seen here.  It brightens up a dry mountainside, up to the alpine, like no other flower I know! 

Deadly beautiful

Zigadenus elegans, July 7, 2020

Zigadenus elegans, July 7, 2020

Common & scientific name
Mountain Death Camas, Zigadenus elegans

Family
Trillium/False Hellebore, Melanthiaceae

Location
Independence Ghost Town, 10,800’ & Lower Lost Man, 10,500’

Fun, weird, helpful, or little known fact
All parts of this beautiful, lily-like flower are poisonous, from alkaloids more toxic than strychnine, apparently.  Enjoy the lovely/deadly paradox!

Z. elegans, July 13, 2020

Z. elegans, July 13, 2020

In case you didn't think wildflowers were serious business

Tonestus pygmaeus, July 7, 2020

Tonestus pygmaeus, July 7, 2020

Common & scientific name
Pygmy serpentweed, Tonestus pygmaeus

Family
Sunflower, Asteraceae

Location
Green Mountain, 12,700’

Fun, weird, helpful, or little known fact
“Recent work by L. Brouillet et al. (2004) and R. P. Roberts and L. E. Urbatsch (2004) has refined our understanding of the affinities of taxa included by G. L. Nesom and D. R. Morgan (1990) in Tonestus, some of which are now referred to Eurybia, Lorandersonia, or Toiyabea. In spite of these revisions, Tonestus appears to comprise at least three distinct elements. Two species primarily of the Rocky Mountains and ranges of the Pacific Northwest, T. lyallii and T. pygmaeus, resemble one another morphologically; molecular systematic studies by Roberts and Urbatsch suggested that these may be more closely related to different elements of the Solidagininae than they are to each other or to the remainder of the taxa included here in Tonestus. Likewise, while morphologic evidence indicates that T. eximius and T. peirsonii are closely related, the work of Roberts and Urbatsch placed the decaploid T. peirsonii in a clade with members of Lorandersonia wherein it is treated here; T. eximius is placed within a largely unresolved clade of the Solidagininae. Tonestus graniticus is included here mostly as a matter of convenience. It bears only superficial resemblance to other taxa included in the genus, differing in habit, array of heads, involucre, and hair type. The placement of this species within Solidagininae remains uncertain, although the work of Roberts and Urbatsch suggested that it may be related to Chrysothamnus. The treatment presented here must be considered tentative, at best. Tonestus pygmaeus is the nomenclatural type of the genus; further refinement of the taxonomy of this difficult group may require nomenclatural innovations.”  Flora of North America

‘Nuf said.

Pledge allegiance

Aquilegia coerulea, July 7, 2020

Aquilegia coerulea, July 7, 2020

Common & scientific name
Colorado columbine, Aquilegia coerulea

Family
Buttercup, Ranunculaceae

Location
Independence Ghost Town, 10,800’

Fun, weird, helpful, or little known fact
Our beloved state flower, equally at home in aspen groves and on rocky tundra, manifesting all kinds of color combinations, hybridizing with all other species of Aquilegia, occasionally with spurless variants: how lucky we are to call this endlessly interesting flower our own!

Whip's veneration

Penstemon whippleanus, July 2, 2020

Penstemon whippleanus, July 2, 2020

Common & scientific name
Whipple’s penstemon, Penstemon whippleanus

Family
Snapdragon/Figwort, Scrophulariaceae 

Location
Grizzly Lake Trail, 11,200’ & Linkins Lake area, 12,300

Fun, weird, helpful, or little known fact
Named for the leader of a transcontinental railroad survey team, this is one of our most unforgettable flowers, with its large, tightly-packed, and unusually colored flowers, ranging in our area from deep-purple to wine-colored to nearly white. 

P. whippleanus, July 30, 2020

P. whippleanus, July 30, 2020

Ballhead, indeed

Arenaria congesta, July 1, 2020

Arenaria congesta, July 1, 2020

Common & scientific name
Ballhead sandwort, Arenaria congesta

Family
Pink, Caryophyllaceae 

Location
Midway Trail, 10,700’

Fun, weird, helpful, or little known fact
Ballhead sandwort (poorly named, it seems to me, in light of its hardly “ball-like” clusters of flowers—usually only a few) lines the trails in dry, rocky, sandy soils.  Its spindly appearance makes it easy to overlook, but a close-up viewing of its intricate, lovely flowers, like many in the Pink family, will inspire new appreciation!

Of European descent

Veronica serpyllifolium 7.1.20.jpg

Veronica serpyllifolia, July 1, 2020

Common & scientific name
Thyme-leaved speedwell, Veronica serpyllifolia

Family
Snapdragon/Figwort, Scrophulariaceae 

Location
Lower Lost Man trail, 10,500’

Fun, weird, helpful, or little known fact
This non-native but seemingly non-invasive speedwell (I rarely see it on the Pass), owing to its small stature and tiny but lovely 1/4” flowers, is easily lost amidst other wildflowers and plants.  Like our other more common and native speedwells, Veronica wormskjoldii and V. americana, it prefers wet places.

Not just a pretty face

Bistorta bistortoides, July 1, 2020

Bistorta bistortoides, July 1, 2020

Common & scientific name
American bistort, Bistorta bistortoides

Family
Buckwheat, Polygonaceae 

Location
Lower Lost Man trail, 10,500’

Fun, weird, helpful, or little known fact
One of our most common subalpine and alpine flowers.  Bistort has a long history of use by Native Americans as food and for medicinal purposes, and is also favored by many animals.  

Satellite saxifrage

Mitella pentandra, June 30, 2020

Mitella pentandra, June 30, 2020

Common & scientific name
Five-stamened mitrewort, Mitella pentandra

Family
Saxifrage, Saxifragaceae 

Location
Old wagon road east of Lincoln Creek turnoff, 9,600’

Fun, weird, helpful, or little known fact
Oh how I love these miniature satellites, these most delicate, complex, and airy of wildflowers.  It feels like they shouldn’t even be called “flowers,” they are so totally unique. Look (HARD) for them now in moist woods, and be delighted!

M. pentrandra, in fruit, July 28, 2020

M. pentrandra, in fruit, July 28, 2020

Gangly Gayophytum

Gayophytum diffusum, June 30, 2020

Gayophytum diffusum, June 30, 2020

Common & scientific name
Spreading groundsmoke, Gayophytum diffusum

Family
Evening primrose, Onagraceae 

Location
Weller campground area, 9,400’

Fun, weird, helpful, or little known fact
Hard to spot amidst other flowers or grasses, gangly Spreading groundsmoke’s red stem and four-petaled flowers are diagnostic (aside from the mustards, they are one of the only four-petaled families).  Their tiny flowers open in the morning and close up by late afternoon—just the opposite of its easier to spot cousins in the Oenothera (Evening primrose) genus. 

Eat but don't touch (?)

Heracleum maximum, June 30, 2020

Heracleum maximum, June 30, 2020

Common & scientific name
Cow parsnip, Heracleum maximum

Family
Parsley, Apiaceae

Location
Weller campground area, 10,400’

Fun, weird, helpful, or little known fact
This giant of the aspen forests is unmistakable, for its height and width, its enormous maple-like leaves, and platter-sized white umbels of flowers.  

This from a fascinating, and just-discovered (by me) website called The Botanist, sponsored by Islay Dry Gin, which brings together and shares recommendations from foragers:  “Cow parsnip has been used historically as fodder for livestock, and the scent of its flowers (the only non-delicious part) is of dung and pigs (to attract midges, flies and hoverflies) perhaps explaining the unglamorous common English name [“Common hogweed," which, needless to say, I will not be using!] . . . . Common hogweed also comes with a health warning. As the leaves develop and start to photosynthesise, it develops a sap that can sensitize the skin to bright sunlight, to the point where a recurring burn appears.”

Daisy vs. Fleabane

Erigeron peregrinus, June 30, 2020

Erigeron peregrinus, June 30, 2020

E. peregrinus, curling red phyllaries, June 30, 2020

E. peregrinus, curling red phyllaries, June 30, 2020

Common & scientific name
Subalpine daisy, Erigeron peregrinus

Family
Sunflower, Asteraceae

Location
Lost Man campground area, 10,400’ & north side summit, 12,500’

Fun, weird, helpful, or little known fact
I prefer “daisy” over the more commonly used “fleabane” for this lovely flower—it deserves better!  (“Fleabane” apparently referred to the Erigeron genus’s ability to drive away fleas or other insects when burned—which would probably hold true for many things.)  This Erigeron can be distinguished from the many lavender/purple erigerons to come this summer by its wider florets and red-tipped phyllaries that curl backward (see photo at bottom left).

E. peregrinus, August 24, 2020

E. peregrinus, August 24, 2020

Baby-blue beauty

Stickseed.jpg

Hackelia floribunda, June 30, 2020

Common & scientific name
Many-flowered stickseed, Hackelia floribunda

Family
Borage, Boraginaceae

Location
Roadside near Weller, 9,400’

Fun, weird, helpful, or little known fact
Named after Josef Hackel, an early 19th century Czech botanist, Hackelia floribunda's endearing light-blue flowers become small, flattened nutlets with prickles along the edge, in typical Borage/velcro-like fashion.  This tall, lovely plant is unusual on the Pass—keep your eyes peeled!